• One possible pathway summarizing the overall

  2022-03-28

  

  One possible pathway summarizing the overall action involves NMDA receptor activation – Ca2+ influx – protein kinase A (PKA) activation – ERK phosphorylation and subsequent synaptic plasticity (Thomas and Huganir, 2004). A few studies have also shown modulation of synaptic glutamate transporters in

• In conclusion we demonstrated that the

  2022-03-28

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrated that the atypical high-basal activity of the mGlu3 gamma-Glu-Cys results mostly from its activation by low ambient glutamate concentrations. This is due to a unique interaction network located in the extracellular domain of the mGlu3 receptor. This network acts as “Cl

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2022-03-28

  

  Materials and methods Results In order to address the role played by the catalytic and the anticodon-binding domains of E. coli GluRS in cognate and non-cognate aminoacylation, the two domains (NGluRS: 1–314; CGluRS: 318–471) of E. coli were expressed and purified (Fig. 1b). Prior to assessing

• Galanin a amino acid peptide was first isolated in from

  2022-03-26

  

  Galanin, a 29/30-amino-acid peptide, was first isolated in 1983 from porcine intestine by Tatemoto and collaborators [70]. It is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as other tissues. It is involved in a wide range of physiological functions, such as modul

• Sennoside D This review is an overview on the ongoing

  2022-03-26

  

  This review is an overview on the ongoing trials involving anti-FGF-FGFR therapies (Wu et al., 2013). Pathway FGFR in cancer A recent study comparing more than 4800 tumor tissue samples has shown that 7.1% of all tumor types have genetic alterations in the FGF-FGFR axis. The aberrations perce

• In Gallus gallus four FGFRs FGFR have been

  2022-03-26

  

  In Gallus gallus, four FGFRs (FGFR1-4) have been identified, along with 13 FGFs (FGF1–4, 8–10, 12, 13, 16, 18–20) (Thisse and Thisse, 2005). FGFRs are tyrosine kinase receptors that contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Th

• The activation of GPR FFA signaling triggers the PLC PIP

  2022-03-26

  

  The activation of GPR40/FFA1 signaling triggers the PLC/PIP2 signaling pathway and results in Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Increased Ca2+ levels may lead to activation of different protein kinases, such as Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV, Akt, extracellular sign

• Another TKI used in cancer therapy is the Abl inhibitor

  2022-03-26

  

  Another TKI used in cancer therapy is the Abl inhibitor imatinib mesilate which has also a beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis in diabetic humans [39], [40], [41]. Imatinib has a clear impact on NFκB activation and anti-apoptotic preconditioning of β-cells [39], attenuating islet inflammation [

• br Conflict of interests br Acknowledgements

  2022-03-26

  

  Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants HD058577 and ES01678 to Kirill Kiselyov. We thank Sreeram Ravi for technical support. We also thank Mike Myers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Flow Cytometry Facility.

• NeuroHIV is initiated by HIV

  2022-03-26

  

  NeuroHIV is initiated by HIV crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to enter the CNS. This is thought to occur primarily via the transmigration of infected CD14+CD16+ monocytes (Williams, 2014), using the monocytes as “Trojan Horses” (Peluso, 1985), although some studies suggest alternate routes of

• Despite the importance of intratumor phenotypic heterogeneit

  2022-03-26

  

  Despite the importance of intratumor phenotypic heterogeneity for tumor progression and therapy resistance (Marusyk et al., 2012, Marusyk and Polyak, 2010), our understanding of regulators of this process and our ability to modulate them are very limited. Recent advances in genomic sequencing and si

• With the aim to identify potential novel targets in

  2022-03-26

  

  With the aim to identify potential novel targets in CVD, we applied proteome analyses on vascular tissue of these frequently used mouse models of atherosclerotic disease in the presence and/or absence of diabetes. Potential targets for intervention identified with this approach were validated in hum

• In Kdm c germline and forebrain conditional knockout mice

  2022-03-26

  

  In Kdm5c germline and forebrain conditional knockout mice, RNA sequencing showed the upregulation of a large set of genes, suggesting that Kdm5c functions primarily as a transcriptional repressor [,]. While no changes in global H3K4me3 levels were observed in the knockout neurons, there were thousan

• Freinkel first reported in the late s that maternal

  2022-03-26

  

  Freinkel first reported in the late 1960s that maternal hypertriglyceridemia benefits the fetus during starvation by increasing maternal consumption of triglyceride for ketone body synthesis giving the basis for “accelerated starvation” theory [4,5]. This maternal metabolic reprogramming during peri

• Oltipraz has been shown to

  2022-03-26

  

  Oltipraz has been shown to inhibit the growth of HCC Methylcobalamin and is being evaluated in clinical trials as a potential anti-cancer drug for HCC (Mann et al., 2009; Piton et al., 2005; Yates and Kensler, 2007). The present observation that pre-treatment of tumorigenic liver cells with oltipra

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